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What does fluence measure in terms of a pulsed laser beam?

  1. Watts per square meter

  2. Joules per square centimeter

  3. Newtons per square meter

  4. Candela per square meter

The correct answer is: Joules per square centimeter

Fluence is a measure of the energy delivered per unit area of the surface that receives the laser beam. It is commonly expressed in joules per square centimeter (J/cm^2). Watts per square meter (W/m^2) measure power density, which is not the same as energy delivered. Newtons per square meter (N/m^2) measure pressure, which is also not the same as energy delivered. Candela per square meter (cd/m^2) measures luminance, which is the measure of the emitted light from a surface, but it does not directly measure energy delivered. Thus, B is the most accurate choice for the unit of measurement that fluence represents for a pulsed laser beam.